Csaba Bognár[1]: Further training requirements for lawyers compared to other counseling professions in Hungary* (JURA, 2024/2., 117-129. o.)

I. Introduction, context and background

In today's digital world, the fear of the devaluation of acquired knowledge is constantly being raised in the face of new and new technical innovations. The dangers of this vary from profession to profession but have a common source of danger. The transforming role and significance of practical knowledge were formulated even before the age of artificial intelligence[1]. Currently, while studying in the institutional system of higher education and looking for further opportunities, the topic may have attracted even closer interest: is a process ending after university, or is a participant in a profession condemned to lifelong learning with compulsory, continuous commitment and competence development?

Starting from the structure of one of the most traditionally stable professions in the last centuries, I was looking for an answer to the question: do the training requirements of the Hungarian consulting professions interact? Is the profession of lawyer as a profession with deep, embedded community traditions spanning social change in line with trends? What are the training, participation, registration needs, and related financial sacrifices of staying in the market? According to my hypotheses about the questions asked, staying on track requires more and more significant competency development with significant additional financial sacrifices. Similar training or competency development and registration needs arise in the consulting professions that can be compared to the law. Even after obtaining the attorney's seal, additional periodic compliance reporting will be required to maintain the practice.

In the course of my work, in order to reach the conclusions, I conducted content and document analysis, examined the regulations and legislation to a different extent, as well as I compared the studied literature and the Hungarian regulatory environment, and studied ethnographic elements that fit the topic. Besides law, the inclusion of professions for the examination as the subjects

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of the analysis was partly a priori and partly emergent, with the help of the applicable legislation, to determine the possible scope of the research. I tried to seek objective aspects, even though the sampling remained non-systematic and partly arbitrary, and then I tried to draw further conclusions inductive from the selected data.

II. "LLL," lifelong learning

Although Lifelong Learning as early as the 1970s, and 1996 was the European Year of it, its significance in today's digital world is even more unquestionable. Even among lawyers with such a long tradition, all resistance has fallen: a five-year period of in-service training has begun on January 1, 2020, in Hungary[2], with more than a two-decade-long lag compared to teachers[3]. It should be noted that in the case of teachers, participation in lectures and demonstration classes was required from time to time during communism in Hungary, in the Kadarism, in the framework of the further training course, about which certificate was given. In the late 1990s, this was merely formalized[4]. The need for up-to-date knowledge is gaining ground in our fast-changing world, which is being exploited by newer and newer actors in the education market, and these intellectual products are sold in increasingly attractive and accessible packaging to meet that need. However, the continuous growth of the proportion of tertiary education graduates in Hungary and the region seems to have stagnated in the last decade. Nevertheless, research or comparative country lists generally do not measure the growth of further postgraduate and other specialized course qualifications of tertiary and upper-secondary graduates also the accumulation of same-level qualifications. All of this results in the expansion of expertise and the fulfillment of societal and clients' expectations in counseling professions.

III. Lawyers

The official names and roles of practicing lawyers are expanding in Hungary: a) attorneys-at-law, b) European Community lawyers, c) foreign legal advisors, d) registered in-house legal counsels, e) salaried attorneys-at-law, f) salaried European Community lawyers[5]. These groups (except European legal advisors) are required to undergo further training[6], and there is also a compulsory education program for candidates: g) junior attorneys-at-law, and h) registered junior in-house legal counsels.

In the past, after the bar exam, a law firm's signboard on its door, even if it did not guarantee a livelihood and lineup of clients, meant the end of formal education. After the bar exam, the following practical experience in the field, pursued for years, finally meant real knowledge Meanwhile, the growing number of handled cases resulted in higher and higher representation fees, demand, and even inheritable practices as the reputation grew. In Hungary, leaving communism behind, the latter change of regime, the mass entry with

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the opening of the professional career[7] (previously there were fixed numbers, the bar admission worked on a quota-based system), and the continuously increase in the number of graduates established the importance of titles and ranks. The well-sounding variety of LL.M. specialist lawyers and other postgraduate titles have gained more importance with the spread of the internet and the relegation of the ban on advertising to the background[8], while it added special expertise to strengthen the image of credibility.

However, in our digital world dominated by smart devices, the virtual design and modern look of the interface obscure the real picture in many cases. Of course, this also conveys a kind of expertise and competence, though not primarily in the field of law. Among other things, and in addition to the material ones, the combinations of all these (technical level, design elements and measures of professional excellence, etc.) can help to increase the customer base and win orders in an impersonal virtual environment.

The introduction of further training points also provides the basis for professional compliance in the case of lawyers. In retrospect, the structure established by the Chamber Act of 1875, which was born after significant preparations, is an excellent example of legal self-government and self-organization since then, indicating how it has, through their experience: "to address the shortcomings in the area of justice and the judiciary and to put forward and propose modern reforms."[9] From the beginning of the 20th century, there have also been provisions on the importance of further training: "regular meetings should be held with bar associations to promote the theoretical and practical training of legal practitioners by discussing new developments, controversial cases and other appropriate cases."[10] However, the freedom within the chamber was precisely to overcome the obligation imposed, insisting at all times on the exemption from the prescribed further training - suppressing the resistance, it was initially only a matter of creating the need for candidate education from an "Attorney School" to lectures for practicing lawyers, to a "Attorney Academy" for compulsory training.

The otherwise extremely easy period of further training is currently five years, during which at least the acquisition of at least 16 points per year, together at least 80 points must be documented, and for those over 75 years of age, half of this must be documented (with other exceptions and exemptions). Of this, a maximum of 4 credits of 'compulsory' free and electronic credits and the other 'more optional' training in-person or online events, which can be a) in law or political science, legal practice, administrative or professional language practice, or course that otherwise facilitates the activity of a lawyer; b) professional event, conference; (c) professional competition[11].

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IV. Delimitation problems among lawyers and other counselors

Although it is somewhat subjective which border areas can be considered as a profession similar to a lawyer, perhaps their broader examination is not extreme, as well as the selection from the lawyer's work (advice, representation, defense, documents, and custody) only the state power independent advisory role. So the lawyers and other counsellors' comprehensive analysis of professions when reviewing the 'credit issuer market'.

All the more so because the examined professions may also be covered by the activity of a lawyer. Perhaps it is undeniable that, in addition to legal options and obligations, financial aspects permeate every corner of the economy and business, and, like other market participants, are a priority for law firms. As the focus of my analysis is Hungary, and although more and more large international offices are present in Hungary, the vast majority of attorneys are still individual lawyers (who may in close cooperate with another one- or two-person offices with or without assistance, trainee, or junior), thus micro-enterprises it is essential to function as a manager, tax expert, business coach to stay in business.

In my further analysis, I have included similar occupations in the financial-economic-management sectors, as well as mediation which fits each area. Although the demarcation may not be completely exact, the aim of the analysis is to examine the qualification and further training obligations of assisting professions, which, like the legal profession, provide services in an advisory role affecting financial interests, on a professional basis, for a fee. Thus, I did not include in my paper the mentorship, as it is mostly provided free of charge, as well as patronage and executive producer quality, because it assumes an opposite cash flow, while the producer involved in the production and other similar tasks already provides real intellectual added value to the product, it has an impact on the profit, its benefit depends on it.

The profession of teacher, coach, an expert in a field of science or even psychology would also lead further. While in other cases only the giving of an expert opinion is the dominant e.g. in the case of real estate or works of art valuation. After reviewing the professions and qualifications, I examined the professions detailed below.

V. Other counseling professions

1. Tax consultant, tax expert

In Hungary, a tax consultant performs advisory and audit work related to taxes and tax-like obligations (fees), and also performs consulting and control work related to budget support after the professional qualification[12] and registration in this field, while with the tax expert or the certified tax expert title, after regulated professional practice

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and successful exam. According to the current regulations replacing the previous 5-year training period, from 1 January 2020, now for a period of 1 year, similarly to accounting service providers, 20 credit points must be obtained per calendar year by participating in a qualified training course conducted by an accredited training organization[13]. Lecture hall and e-learning lectures are also available, the credit values are approx. They are determined after 40 minutes, the annual obligation is up to 2 larger, longer modules or can also be found after completing a training session. Both tax and accounting topics are available, overlapping with professional training for accountants. A novelty related to the currently introduced 1-year further training period in Hungary is that the same amount of further training credit is required in the 12 months prior to the official registration.

2. Public Procurement Consultant

For the registering or renewing of an official public procurement consultant (FAKSZ) of the Public Procurement Authority, 15 further training points are required, which can be completed once (in the previous 6 years) with a higher education qualification in the field of public procurement. Recognition of practical knowledge is provided by the task of completing at least 15 public procurement procedures in the three years prior to the submission of the application and by at least 10 documented presentations of public procurement or control activities, or by other possibilities that could certify the relevant professional experience (at least 50 references or two-year-long ministerial, arbitration work[14]). The registration is valid for 2 years, which can be renewed by re-examining the conditions[15].

3. Mediator

The legislator also imposes obligations in 5-year training cycles for a mediator intended to conduct pre-litigation, facilitation, conciliation, and conflict management proceedings between the parties to a dispute. The required 50 points are obtained from at least two types, with 10 points per form of further training. The possibilities are: a) listed theoretical training modules, b) practical training methods, c) joint mediation with an instructor, d) participation in a professional conference[16]. Contrary to the precise framework of the law, but in line with the actual practice of mediation, the clarity, framework, duration, and quality of the forms of further training are somewhat obscure, as well as the structures of further training of registered training places move on a wide scale too.

4. Coach

Compared to the former professions, we need to navigate in a much more complex organizational regulatory environment to review the further training system for coaches in different disciplines. However, a brief detour on the subject of further training cannot be ignored here in terms of acquiring qualifications that are breaking records

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of popularity today. A 2019 amendment to the Hungarian Higher Education Act created an uncertain situation for the practice of the coaching profession, which is included in the education portfolio of higher and higher education institutions, as it restricted the use of the name to those who graduated within such a framework[17]. In recent years, it has become more and more important in Hungary to announce coach courses to satisfy the dynamically growing demand for these 'trendy' professional qualifications, while to becoming a psychologist or consulting psychologist is only possible after hard work and long years of university, like the lawyers. It is not the subject of this dissertation to expand on the legal facts of curfew, or to detail issues of separation between life coaching and the field of psychology or health care (e.g., psychotherapist)[18]. After a narrow six-month period of the National Higher Education Act, specialized further training was removed from the list of legally protected qualifications. Although the title of the coach with different designations can still only be obtained within such a framework, the use of the name alone is not tied to an actual qualification. Thus, even in the absence of a free MOOC or other type of course, which may cost more than 10,000 USD in the USA[19], or at least 100,000 HUF in Hungary, do not necessarily worth more.

Nevertheless, in addition to the transparent training requirements, specialized further training can be obtained within the framework of Hungarian higher education, which offers the prestige of a diploma, and in several cases, co-operates with a prospering coach training company that provides up-to-date knowledge even in market conditions.

In this very wide range of spectrum, quality and credibility of knowledge content, the promotion system of the International Coach Federation (ICF) is gaining recognition, where ACC, PCC, and MCC degrees lead the professional rankings. With the two-thousand-year-old mature framework of advocacy and Roman law, it is not easy to establish professional standards for a new profession. The international organizational system that seeks to establish its own legitimacy by establishing a quality framework in the fierce market competition to serve the ever-widening needs is becoming an increasingly important benchmark with the acceptance of its ethical protocols, content protocols, and brand. "In the counseling profession, all possible ... influencing factors ... common denominators are presumably inherent in all assistant / therapeutic relationship."[20] In addition, according to differing views, the primary goal of the otherwise important quality content framework is to maximize material benefits, the certification of conformity to the established requirements, the accreditation of the program, the admission qualification's heavy costs in the prices of the qualified courses and the obtain of the certification, and these add ups further in the fees for a coaching service, which is provided while possessing these, and as such, the fees are the most important rank- and identity constructing factor

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instead of the counseling career's core values.

To qualify for the ICF, the completion of a course accredited by an international association is needed (or, without that, additional conditions and higher costs), an online test and a certificate about the practical experience, which requires 100 hours (of which 70 are paid) of coaching hours at the ACC level[21]. In the case of a PCC level, 500 (440 paid) hours have to be completed with at least 25 clients[22], while in the case of an MCC level, at least 35 clients have 2,500 (2200 paid) hours and additional conditions must be documented[23]. The cost of obtaining titles is currently: 100 USD / 400 USD (ACC), 300 USD / 575 USD (PCC) the latter amounts with training documentation review, and 575 USD for MCC, titles without membership are 200 USD higher everywhere, while annual membership fee is 245 USD. Renewal fees are required every 3 years after the acquisition, currently 175 USD with membership and 275 USD without membership[24]. In addition to this, the accredited courses have a wide range, the participation, preparation, coaching audio material judgements and so on can cost more than 100.000 HUF, sometimes millions of HUF.

5. Value analyst

Perhaps a lesser-known, yet effective decision-making and decision-support aid, "with a focus on functionality,"[25] (Fodor, 2011) is designed to assess the satisfaction of a need at the lowest cost. The Society of Hungarian Value Analysts (SHVA), in parallel with coaching training companies, in cooperation with universities, in a form of specialist courses, implements the so-called institutional training, while also available as adult education course frameworks at SHVA's headquarters and can also be completed with a VMA exam. The qualification obtained by the exam is provided by the Value Methodology Associate (VMA) Certification, so-called Value Analyst team member, American Society for Valuation, SAVE International. The condition of the successful test is the completion of a 32-hour VMF1 core course approved by an international company. The online or computer-based English-language test (currently 185 USD) is 90 minutes, with only 60 multiple-choice questions, with a score of at least 70% for compliance. In every two years, paying an additional fee is required (currently 100 USD for members, so there is an additional membership fee), and maintaining the certificate is all 8 PDUs, so-called professional development unit, subject to the acquisition of lecture-like credits[26].

Upper level is the Certified Value Specialist (CVS), a Registered Value Methodology Expert, for which the before mentioned qualification is needed, and two value studies (at least 24 hours each), an also 32 hours VMF2 advanced course, and, after these, a successful exam (current fee is 360 USD for members, to which a 180 USD maintenance fee is needed in every two years, while without membership it is significantly higher).

Another significant European value management organization is the Value

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for Europe (Association Européenne de Gestion de la Formation et de la Certification en Management par la Valeur EGB), its levels of training are Qualified Value Associate (QVA), Professional in Value Management (PVM) and Trainer in Value Management (TVM) 33. Like the American organization, a 3-day VM1 exam is followed by a multiple-choice QVA exam, and two value studies are required to qualify. For the PVM level, continuous development, two more courses, VM2, VM3, two more value studies and 400 hours of practical experience are required, and then a demonstration on an interview is also needed for the qualification. Instead of courses, it is possible to go immediately to the interviews by presenting 5 years of practical experience and the so-called "folder," moreover, the interoperability is also provided for this level by the American organization's CVS certification. The highest level here is the TVM, which can be achieved by at least 1,000 hours of practical experience which is followed by a TTT course. IVM organizational membership (UK) also requires continuous development and annual diary keeping. The two competency-based upper levels need to be re-rated every 4 years, while there is no such requirement for QVA[27]. The simplified flowchart of the Austrian organization illustrates all better than others: see Fig. 1.[28]

The company's extensive international network, which creates value for the training, is reflected in the national organizational list of 15 countries.

After reviewing a wide range of further training obligations, it can be seen that in some professions only theoretical, in others theoretical and practical elements are mixed, while in the case of coach 'advancement' there are mostly purely practical requirements in addition to the theoretical course hours.

Figure 1 - Value Analyst's Training System[28]

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6. Manager (general business, professional)

The wide range of areas (various production and service enterprises, healthcare, professional sports, performing arts, etc.) and their provision, as well as the board selection of qualification opportunities would perhaps stretch the scope of this essay. Any economist, engineer, lawyer, or someone with or without a diploma with the right skills can be a good manager of a given company or institute without an 'elite club' membership. Neither the qualification nor any professional judging body makes it possible for the market to decide directly on suitability, success or forcing to leave it.

The market is already completing the lack of art and music management training, but there is no visible division in higher qualification standards. The organization that can be mentioned e. g. in the field of healthcare is the Hungarian Healthcare Management Association, but it does not participate in competency certification, it only coordinates and assists in the implementation of professional contents, research developments and events[29].

VI. Conclusions

As early as 1875, the Hungarian Bar Association responded to the need for proof of competence, registration, and protection of professional interests with the establishment of the chamber system[30], while later other professions, already immersed in such traditions, moved towards a similar organization despite their few decades of history. Changes in the technical world give birth to countless new professions, creating a raison d'etre, as well as the accessibility to unlimited information also provides uncertainty in the selection of up-to-date professional expertise. At the same time, the need for choice creates proof of registration, certification, national or international acceptance, and a transparent view of compliance with approved standards. Among these, the credit system, which tries to fit in with the professional traditions, is gaining ground, which does not require the maintenance of the qualification by the development of a competent organization accepted by the professional system, not only for the degree but also after its acquisition. All of this can be a score required over a period of time based on a course, conference, or lecture attendance, while some practical, emerging professions require more radical, hour-based competency measurement.

My hypotheses have been partially confirmed: to stay on track, more and more significant competence development is needed for some professions with additional significant financial sacrifices. There are similar training, knowledge development, registration, and record-keeping needs in advisory professions that can be compared to advocacy. There are also quite different measures of the time spent practicing an activity in terms of obtaining them and ensuring their progress. In the case of lawyers, even after the start of the activity, an additional obligation to update expertise is required, which

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nowadays can be reduced to attending conferences (sometimes online) and paying an attendance fee, which is only apparent almost only administrative and fits both modern trends and longstanding traditions, meanwhile the supervision of the acquisition of actual knowledge it is not yet present in the system. The quantifiable and measurable requirements are a characteristic of our time, these are becoming more and more dominant in the field of professional competencies, and there is a growing demand for their maintenance even during the rapid changes.

The representative bodies of each profession, in spite of the differences revealed, strive to ensure the professionalism and up-to-date knowledge of the field in addition to building and managing their own supervisory authority and legitimacy, also infiltrates the lawyers traditions.

Although it does not exist in both domestic and foreign regulations, the introduction of a diploma maintenance fee or a degree registration license could be the subject of further analysis. It can be seen from this essay that professional chambers or national associations, and international organizations make significant extra profits in the field of registration of competent qualifications with the appearance of knowledge renewal from period to period - such as the need to attend courses or lectures to obtain credits. Meanwhile, universities are the ones that place most of the competence in the hands of the practitioner of the later profession. In addition, the various courses, lectures, and credit-taking events are organized by the organizations that, if not themselves, benefit from declaring them appropriate - that impose these obligations and maintenance fees. In some cases, these license fees are lower if the users pay a membership fee too, which encourages them to pay it, which is additional revenue, while in other cases, the legislator prescribes, e.g., compulsory chamber membership. Naturally, for an international organization that builds its own framework of professional requirements, and sets up themes, standards and builds its own acceptance, it has undeniably many responsibilities, but it should only be noted here that while there are no other fees to be paid at the university in addition to the tuition or examination fee, international organizations from time to time, due to several factors. A schematic, non-detailed diagram can be summarized in Table 1.

Meanwhile, the higher education institute or the adult educator ('s supervisory) will incur registration costs, maybe diploma authentication, other information requests and so on, in addition to high expectations with higher prestige, not to mention the devaluation of previous knowledge or the loss of prestige among those who leave the field. The central or university (vocational training institution) level organizations diploma number (certificate number) search could be solved in the same way as the register of international professional, depending on the statement of the data subject, in public, for certain data only, with or without code. While registration could be linked to periodic awards or to the renewal of

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certain professional competencies and credit acquisitions. Although notarized copies could account for some loss of profit (certification, flat rate, and depreciation fee), such a central register could provide benefits, even at the macroeconomic level, by speeding up and facilitating the evaluation of job applications, and even by reducing the number of cases of forgery, at the same time, it would provide another opportunity for university funding.

Table 1 - Fees for training and further training obligations (own editing)

VII. Summary

Changes in the technical world give birth to countless new professions, creating a raison d'être, while unlimited information also provides uncertainty in the selection of up-to-date, professional expertise. At the same time, the need for choice creates proof of registration, certification, national or international acceptance, and a transparent view of compliance with approved standards. Among these, the credit system, which tries to fit in with the professional traditions, is gaining ground, which does not require the maintenance of the qualification by the development of a competent organization accepted by the professional system, not only for the degree but also after its acquisition.

In Hungary, the continuing need for competence development has been partially justified, while in the case of the Bar, it is only apparent. Similar training or knowledge development, registration, and record-keeping needs arise in parallel counseling occupations, with

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significant financial sacrifices in some cases. There are also quite different measures of the time spent practicing an activity in terms of obtaining them and ensuring their progress.

Despite the differences revealed, the representative bodies of the individual professions strive to ensure professionalism and up-to-date knowledge of the field in addition to building and managing their supervisory authority and legitimacy, which is also included in the legal traditions. ■

NOTES

* "Supported by the ÚNKP-21-2-II-NKE-122 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund."

[1] Meleg, Cs. (2001). Társadalmi változások és jogászi gondolkodásmód, JURA, vol. 2001 No. 2., pp. 78-99.

[2] Hungarian Bar Association Committee on Education and Accreditation (September 2019). Indul a kötelező ügyvédi továbbképzés. Jogászvilág. https://jogaszvilag.hu/szakma/indul-a-kotelezo-ugyvedi-tovabbkepzes/

[3] Gönczöl, E. (1998). A pedagógus-továbbképzés átalakulásának első tapasztalatai. Iskolakultúra, vol. 1998/9. pp. 120-127.

[4] Government Decree 277/1997 (XII. 22.) "a pedagógus-továbbképzésről, a pedagógus-szakvizsgáról, valamint a továbbképzésben részt vevők juttatásairól és kedvezményeiről", 5. § Available: http://archiv.njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=31239.441998

[5] Act LXXVIII of 2017 on the professional activities of attorneys-at-law, Section 4, Available: https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2017-78-00-00

[6] Hungarian Bar Association Regulation No. 18/2018. (XI.26.) "az ügyvédi tevékenységet folytatók továbbképzési kötelezettségéről", 1.1. Available: https://docplayer.hu/105938772-18-2018-xi-26-muk-szabalyzat-1-az-ugyvedi-tevekenyseget-folytatok-tovabbkepzesi-kotelezettsegerol.html

[7] Act XXIII of 1991 "az ügyvédségről szóló 1983. évi 4. törvényerejű rendelet módosításáról", 2. § Available: https://mkogy.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=99100023.TV

[8] Hungarian Bar Association Regulation No. 5/2008. (XI.27.) "MÜK Szabályzattal módosított 8/1999. (III.22.) MÜK Szabályzata az Ügyvédi hivatás etikai szabályairól és elvárásairól", 11/1. Available: https://docplayer.hu/2286-Az-ugyvedi-hivatas-etikai-szabalyairol-es-elvarasairol-szolo-5-2008-xi-27-muk-szabalyzattal-modositott-8-1999-iii-22-muk-szabalyzata-1.html

[9] Act XXXIV of 1874 "az ügyvédi rendtartás tárgyában", 19. § Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/ezer-ev-torveny?docid=87400034.TV

[10] Act LIII of 1913 " az egységes bírói és ügyvédi vizsgáról", 14. § Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/ezer-ev-torveny?docid=91300053.TV

[11] Hungarian Bar Association Regulation No. 18/2018. (XI.26.) "az ügyvédi tevékenységet folytatók továbbképzési kötelezettségéről", 2.1., 2.7., 2.10., 5.1. Available: https://docplayer.hu/105938772-18-2018-xi-26-muk-szabalyzat-1-az-ugyvedi-tevekenyseget-folytatok-tovabbkepzesi-kotelezettsegerol.html

[12] Minister for National Economy Decree No. 29/2016. (VIII. 26.) NGM "a nemzetgazdasági miniszter hatáskörébe tartozó szakképesítések szakmai és vizsgakövetelményeiről szóló 27/2012. (VIII. 27.) NGM rendelet módosításáról", Annex 2. Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=A1600029.NGM&timeshift=20160901&txtreferer=00000003.TXT

[13] Government Decree No. 263/2018. (XII. 20.) "az adótanácsadók, adószakértők és okleveles adószakértők nyilvántartásba vételéről és továbbképzéséről". Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=A1800263.KOR

[14] Government Decree No. 257/2018. (XII. 18.) "a felelős akkreditált közbeszerzési szaktanácsadói tevékenységről", 6., 11., 12., 17., 18. § Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=A1800257.KOR

[15] Minister of the Prime Minister's Office Decree No. 14/2016. (V. 25.) "a felelős akkreditált közbeszerzési szaktanácsadói tevékenységről", 8. Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=A1600014.MVM&timeshift=20160625&txtreferer=00000001.txt

[16] Minister of Justice and Law Enforcement Decree No. 263/2009. (XII. 17.) "a közvetítői szakmai képzésről és továbbképzésről" Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0900063.irm

[17] Act CXI of 2019 " egyes törvényeknek az egészségügyi szolgáltatások fejlesztésével, valamint a bizonytalan minőségű, tisztázatlan hátterű egészségügyi szolgáltatók tevékenységének visszaszorításával összefüggő módosításáról" Available: https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2019-111-00-00.0

[18] Act C of 2012 (Hungarian) Penal Code 187. §, 343/A. § Available: https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2012-100-00-00

[19] Larson L. (May 2022). The Best Life Coach Certification Programs of 2022. https://www.lifecoachpath.com/best-life-coach-certification-programs/

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[20] Pintér G. (2019). Társszakmák a lelki egészség szolgálatában. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, Vol. 20, No. 3., pp. 207-238.

[21] International Coach Federation. Associate Certified Coach (ACC) Credential. https://coachingfederation.org/credentials-and-standards/credentials-paths/acc-credential

[22] International Coach Federation. Professional Certified Coach (PCC) Credential. https://coachingfederation.org/credentials-and-standards/credentials-paths/pcc-credential

[23] International Coach Federation. Master Certified Coach (MCC) Credential. https://coachingfederation.org/credentials-and-standards/credentials-paths/mcc-credential

[24] International Coach Federation. Renew Your Credential. https://coachingfederation.org/credentials-and-standards/renew-credential

[25] Fodor Árpád: A munkás, de csodálatos értékelemzés, MicroVA Fejlesztő Bt., Budapest, 2011., https://adoc.pub/a-munkas-de-csodalatos-ertekelemzes.html

[26] SAVE International. Value Methodology Associate (VMA) Certification. https://www.value-eng.org/page/VMA

[27] The Institute of Value Management Certification Board. European VM Training and Certification System (Rev 2). pp. 1-8. https://ivm.org.uk/app/uploads/2020/01/CB-103-European-VM-Training-and-Certification-Scheme-V15.5.3.doc

[28] Institut für Innovations- und Trendforschung. Wertanalyse. https://www.iitf.at/en/wertanalyse/

[29] Hungarian Healthcare Management Association (July 2019). Alapszabály. https://memt.hu/rolunk/alapszabaly/

[30] Act XXXIV of 1874 "az ügyvédi rendtartás tárgyában", 1. §, 17. § Available: https://net.jogtar.hu/ezer-ev-torveny?docid=87400034.TV&searchUrl=/ezer-ev-torvenyei